Setting Up a Apple Mac pro desktop 2013 as a home server

You can use ANY modern Mac as a home File Server. I use an older existing Mac Pro 5,1 2012 model with four internal drive bays, but it would be a huge mistake to pay money for that exact Mac today.

All you need to Doto Share files is enable File Sharing:

Set up file sharing on Mac - Apple Support

If you also wish to also use it as a Shared Backup destination, you must be running at least 10.13 High Sierra or later.

The Mac Pro 2013 is NOT an exceptionally good choice for this. it does not have ANY internal bays except the one for its internal boot drive. Its high speed interfaces consist of six thunderbolt-2 ports, which have since become nearly obsolete for connecting anything but displays. You can use ThunderBolt-3 <-> ThunderBolt-2 adapter boxes at a cost of nearly US$100 (counting additional cable costs) for each Thunderbolt-2 port so adapted to hook up drive enclosures.

Mac Pro 2013 does feature four USB 3.0 ports, and you could add powered Hubs for more connections. These are limited to 5 G bits/sec full-duplex. (about 500 M Bytes/sec full duplex)

That said, that speed is FAR faster than any Rotating Magnetic drive or enclosure that holds Rotating Magnetic drives, typically under 150 M Bytes/sec effective throughput speeds.

I use a four bay external enclosure from OWC/Macsales to hold four older more modest drives and concatenate them into one large Volume with JBOD RAID setting in Disk Utility. I also have several stand-alone larger drives in single enclosures.

NB>> If you are using truly enormous drives to start with, you should NOT do this, and it concentrates too much data in one enclosure, a single point of failure. You also need to be mindful or having backups on a completely separate enclosures from the primary copies of files.

Gigabit Ethernet is great way to connect this Server to your Home network. Be sure your cables have all eight conductors present. Ethernet cables can be up to an American football field in length.

There is always more to discuss, so let me know what you think of what I wrote so far.

<< & instructions how to do this to my email address >>

Apple operates this user-to-user support communities as permanent record of problems and solutions. No one will be emailing you anything. This medium maintains extreme OPEN-ness and Readers cross check the posted advice. Everything discussed stays on the (quasi-public) servers for further reference, and ALL can benefit from it.

Your question appears to indicate you have no experience in server setup or operation. You also state that you would like to host your own email server as well. You are not going to get simple, step-by-step instructions from these user forums. You need to either do a lot of research or consult with a professional. Sorry

<< I'm not sure what cpu I can buy to run it as a home sever. >>

Running a Server is not a compute problem, it is an I/O problem. A CPU upgrade adds nothing. You need the most I/O ports you can get to connect multiple drives.

You need at least Gigabit Ethernet port.

Mac Pro 2013 (any CPU) can work if you already own it, but it is NOT an elegant solution to this problem.

<< I would like to know what make and type I can buy to use as my mine printer, all-in-one scanner >>

the key to sharing printers and scanner on a network is NOT connecting them to a central server.

It is buying Ethernet-capable printers and scanners, which automatically appear on EVERY computer on the connected network, and are inherently shared. Such devices are only very slightly more expensive than dumber devices.